Bibliography

 Facts about folic acid

What is folic acid?

Shane B. Folate Chemistry and Metabolism. Chapter 1 in Folate in Health and Disease. Edited by Bailey LB. 1

Benefits

Berry RJ, Li Z, Erickson JD, Li S,  Moore CA, Wang H, Mulinare J, Zhao P, Wong LY, Gindler J, Hong SX, Correa A.  Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China.  N Engl J Med. 1999; 341:1485-1490.

Botto LD, Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD. Medical progress: Neural-tube defects. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;341(20):1512. 

Czeizel AE, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. N  Engl J Med 1992 Dec 24; 327(26): 1832-5. 

Institute of Medicine. “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  p. 260.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998 

Medical Research Council Vitamin Study Research Group.  Prevention of neural tube defects: Results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study.  The Lancet.1991; 338:131-7. 

Milunsky A, Jick H, Jick SS et al.  Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects.  JAMA.  1989; 262:2847-2852. 

Vergel RG, Sanchez LR, Heredero BL, Rodriguez PL, Martinez AJ. Primary prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid supplementation: Cuban experience.  Prenat Diagn. 1990;10(3):149-152.

 Epidemiology of NTDs

 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Enviromental Health.  Preventing neural tube defects with folic acid: working together for healthier babies.  NCEH Pub. No. 99-0082. May 1999.

March of Dimes. Data Book for Policy Makers: Maternal, Infant, and Child Health in the United States. 2001: p. 34. 

Murray CJ, Lopez AD, eds.  The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020.  Vol. 1 of Global burden of disease and injury series.  Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard School of Public Health, 1996.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.  Health Resources and Services Administration.  Maternal and Child Health Bureau.  Child Health USA 1999.

 Other Birth Defects

Botto, L.D.,Khoury, M.J., Mulinare, J., Erickson, J. D. Periconceptional Multivitamin Use and the Occurrence of Conotruncal Heart Defects: Results From a Population-based, Case-Control Study. Pediatrics. 98(5):911-917, November 1996.

Czeizel AE. Prevention of congenital abnormalities by periconceptional multivitamin supplementation.  Br Med J.  1993;306:1645-1648.

Czeizel et al. Population-based case control study of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy.  Teratology 1996;53:345-351.

 Hayes et al.  Case-control study of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and oral clefts.  Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:1229-1234.

Institute of Medicine. “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  p. 260.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998.

Lurie IW, Kappetein CA et al.  Non-cardiac malformations in individuals with outflow tract defects of the heart: The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study (1981-1989).  Amer J Medical Genetics 1995;59:76-84

Werler MM, Hayes C, Louik C, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA.  Multivitamin supplementation and the risk of birth defects.  Am J Epidemiol  1999;150(7):675-681.

Other potential benefits

Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA et al. Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993; 85(11):875-884.  

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Alcohol, low-methionine-low folate diets and risk fo colon cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:265-273.  

Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA et al. Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129(7):517-24.   

Institute of Medicine. “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  p. 260.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998.  

Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes For Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline. National Academy Press.  Washington, DC. 1998:220-240.

Institute of Medicine.  “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  p. 265.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998.

Institute of Medicine.  “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  p. 266.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998.  

Institute of Medicine.  “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  pp. 263-4.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998. 

Loria CM, Ingram DD, Feldman JJ, Wright JD, Madans JH.   Serum folate and cardiovascular disease mortality among US men and women.  Arch Intern Med 2000 Nov 27; 160(21):3258-62.  

Malinow MR, Bostom AG, Krauss RM.  Homocyet(e)ine, diet, and cardiovascular diseases: a statement for healthcare professionals from the nutrition committee, American Heart Association.  Circulation. 1999;99:178-182.  

Mann JI et al.  Fortified cereals may help reduce heart risk.  Am J Clin Nutrition 2000;71:1448-1454.  

Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB, Sampson L, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hennekens C, Stampfer MJ.  Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. JAMA 1998 Feb 4;279(5):359-64.  

Verhaar MC et al.  Effects of oral folic acid supplementation on endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia.  Circulation 1999;100: 335-338.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tracking Healthy People 2010. Washington, DC: U.S.  Government Printing Office, November 2000.

Sources of Folic Acid

Lewis CJ, Crane NT, Wilson DB, Yetley EA.  Estimated folate intakes: data updated to reflect food fortification,   increased bioavailability, and dietary supplement use.  Am J Clin Nutr  1999;70:198-207.

March of Dimes Research Annual Report 2000.The Promise of Science. Investment In  Genetics Fighting To Breathe Global Programs. P3.

Guidelines and Reccommendations

Dietary Reference Intake for Folic Acid

American Academy of Pediatrics ( www.aap.org/policy/re9834.html).  

Botto LD, Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD. Medical progress: Neural-tube defects. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;341(20):1512.  

CareEssentials. Point-of Care Tools. Women with Epilepsy Practice Parameter. http://www.aan.com/public/pointcare/wepilepsy.htm

CDC.  National and state-specific pregnancy rates among adolescents – United States, 1995-1997.  MMWR.  2000; 49(27):605-611.  

CDC Teratology, July/August 1997, Prepared by March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center, 1999.

Colley Gilbert B et al.  PRAMS 1997 Surveillance Report.  Atlanta, GA: Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999. p. 14.

Combs GF.  Ch.4 on Vitamins, in "Krause’s Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy."  Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, editors.  10th ed.   W.B. Saunders Company.   Philadelphia: 2000.  p. 94  

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. Second Edition. Report of the U.S. Preventive                                              Services Task Force. Screening for Neural Tube Defects- Inducing Folic Acid/Folate prophylaxis. Chapter 42. Pg 479.  

Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler M, Walker A, Mitchell AA. Folic Acid  Antagonists during Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000.343(22):1608-1614.  

Institute of Medicine. “Folate” chapter in Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.  p. 215-216.  Washington: National Academy Press, 1998.   

March of Dimes.  Folic acid and the prevention of birth defects.  A national survey of pre-pregnancy awareness and behavior among women of childbearing age 1995-2000.  Conducted by The Gallup Organization.  June 2000.  p. 7.

Tamura T, Yoshimura Y, Arakawa T. Human milk folate and folate status in lactating mothers and their infants.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33(2):193-197.   

Megaloblastic Anemia  

Bernstein PS, Sanghavi T and Merkatz IR. Improving preconception  care.  The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. July 2000. 45:7. 546-552. 

Kasdan TS.  Medical nutrition therapy for anemia.  Chapter 35 in  Krause’s Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy.  Mahan LK and Escott-Stump S, Eds.  2000.  p.  781.  

Barriers To Folic Acid

Chemical Barriers to Folic Acid

American Academy of Pediatrics ( www.aap.org/policy/re9834.html). 

Bailey CJ, Turner RC. Metformin. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334(9):578. 

Botto LD, Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD. Medical progress: Neural-tube defects. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;341(20):1512. 

CareEssentials. Point-of Care Tools. Women with Epilepsy Practice Parameter. http://www.aan.com/public/pointcare/wepilepsy.htm

Folate status in women of child-bearing age – US, 1999.  MMWR 2000;49:962-965.

Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler M, Walker A, Mitchell AA. Folic Acid  Antagonists during Pregnancy and the Risk of Birth Defects. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000.343(22):1608-1614. 

Institute of Medicine’s Recommended Daily Allowances for Folic Acid in Dietary Reference Intakes, p.212.  National Academy Press.  Washington, DC: 1998. 

Russell RM, Golner BB, Krasinski SD, Sadowski JA, Suter PM, Braun CL. Effect of Antacid and H₂ Receptor Antagonists on the Intestinal Absorption of Folic Acid. J Lab Clin Med. 1988;112(4):458-63.

Counseling

Nichols, FH, and Humenick, SS. Chapter 27: The Teaching-Learning Process in Childbirth Education: Practice, Research and Theory. WB Sauders Company. Philadelphia: 2000.p.539

For Your Profession 

Allied Health

Beresford S et al.  A dietary intervention in primary care practice: the eating pattern study.  Am J Public Health 1997 87(4) 610-616.

Foreyt JP, Poston WS.  The role of the behavioral counselor in obesity treatment. Journal of American Diet Assoc. 1998; 98 (10 suppl2): s 27-30.

Pate CA, Dorang ST, Keim KS, Stoecker BJ, Fischerjl, Menendez CE, Harden M. Compliance of insulin-dependent diabetics with a low-fat diet. J Am Diet Assoc 1986;86(6) :796-8.  

Uitenbrook DG, Schaub RM, Tromp JA, Kant JH. Dental hygienists' influence on the patients knowledge, motivation self-care, and perception of change. Community Dent Oral Epidemiology 1989april; 17(2):87-90. 

Dentistry

Consumer information. Early treatment can work wonders. Aug 13, 2001- www.agd.org  

Marwick, Charles. Periodontal Disease May Pose One Risk for Premature Birth. JAMA. 2000;83(22):2922.  

Shaw GM, Lammer EJ, Wasserman CR, O'Malley CD, Tolarova MM. Risks of orofacial clefts in children born to women using multivitamins containing folic acid periconceptionally.  The Lancet 1995;346(8972):393-396.  

Sheiham, A. The Future of Preventive Dentistry. BMJ. 309(6949):214-215, July 23, 1994.  

Stevens VJ,  Severson H,  Lichtenstein E, Little SJ, Leben J. Making the most of a teachable moment: a smokeless-tobacco cessation intervention in the dental office.  American Journal of Public Health. 85(2):231-235, February 1995.  

Dietitian

Beresford S et al.  A dietary intervention in primary care practice: the eating pattern study.  Am J Public Health 1997 87(4) 610-616.  

Foreyt JP, Poston WS.  The role of the behavioral counselor in obesity treatment. Journal of American Diet Assoc. 1998; 98 (10 suppl2): s 27-30.  

Lewis CJ, Crane NT, Wilson DB, Yetley EA.  Estimated folate intakes: data updated to reflect food fortification, increased bioavailability, and dietary supplement use.  Am J Clin Nutr  1999;70:198-207.  

Pate CA, Dorang ST, Keim KS, Stoecker BJ, Fischerjl, Menendez CE, Harden M. Compliance of insulin-dependent diabetics with a low-fat diet. J Am Diet Assoc 1986;86(6) :796-8.

Medicine

Bernstein PS, Sanghavi T and Merkatz IR. Improving preconception  care.  The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. July 2000. 45:7. 546-552.

Genetics Quarterly. Funded by the Foundation for Blood Research, Southern Maine Genetics Services, (State of Main Grant BH-00-05) and the March of Dimes  

March of Dimes.  Folic acid and the prevention of birth defects.  A national survey of pre-pregnancy awareness and behavior among women of childbearing age 1995-2002.  Conducted by The Gallup Organization.  May 2002.  p. 7.

Pastuszak A, Bhatia D, Okotore B, Koren G.  Preconception counseling and women's compliance with folic acid supplementation.  Can Fam Physician. 1999;45:2053-7.  

Nursing  

March of Dimes.  Folic acid and the prevention of birth defects: a national survey of pre-pregnancy awareness and behavior among women of childbearing age 1995-2002.  Conducted by The Gallup Organization.  May 2002.  

Pastuszak A, Bhatia D, Okotore B, Koren G.  Preconception counseling and women's compliance with folic acid supplementation.  Can Fam Physician. 1999;45:2053-7.  

Wold J and Williams A.  Nurses, cholesterol, and small work sites: innovative community intervention comparisons. Family 7 community Health 23(3):59-75 Oct 2000.  

Zimmerman GL. A stages of change approach to helping patients change behavior. American Family Physician 2000.  

Optometry  

Gibson FS. A well kept secret. Careers in Health. http://www.vu.union.edu/~prehealth/docs/optdoc.html    

Greenlund KJ, Keenan NL, Anderson LA, Mandelson MT, Newton KM, LaCroix AZ.  Does provider prevention orientation influence female patients’ preventive practices?  Am J Prev Med. 2000;19(2):104-10.  

Pharmacy

Bellingham C.  A pharmacist's role in smoking cessation. The Pharmaceutical Journal. vol 265:(7126);858 Dec 9, 2000  

Combivir: Strategies to improve adherence. http://www.treathiv.com/combivir_hcp/ad_slidekit/slide20.html  

Fuller, Craig. Canadian study bolsters importance of pharmacist counseling. http://www.ideabeat.com/associations/associations.cfm?DocID=4931

Jong-van den Berg LTW, van der Zee AH, Schaafsma E, de Smit D, Anderson C, and Cornel MC.   Counseling women about periconceptional use of folic.

Levin GM. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: the pharmacist role. American Pharmacist. 1995 Nov;NS 35(11):10-20.

The Pharmaceutical Journal, Vol. 265 No. 7126 p 858 12/9/00 News.

Public Health

Ahluwalia IB, Hogan VK, Grummer-Strawn L, Colville WR, Peterson A. The effect of WIC participation on small-for-gestational-age births: Michigan, 1992. American Journal of Public Health. 88(9):1374-1377, September 1998.

Gembeck Z et al.  Low birthweight in a public prenatal care program: behavioral and psychosocial risk factors and psychosocial intervention.  Social Science

Lumley J, Oliver S and Water. Smoking cessation programs implemented during pregnancy. Cochran Review issue 3. 1998.

The Association of Schools of Public Health website.  www.asph.org